If you’ve ever been confused by real estate jargon like “C of O”, “Excision”, or “Governor’s Consent”, you’re not alone. Land titles are one of the most important and most misunderstood parts of buying property in Nigeria.
🧾 1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The C of O is the most recognized land document in Nigeria. It proves that the government officially allocated the land to the current owner.
Why it matters: It’s a very secure title. If you’re buying land with a valid C of O, you’re in safe hands.
🧾 2. Right of Occupancy (R of O)
This is often used in the northern parts of Nigeria. It gives someone the right to use the land, but not full ownership.
🧾 3. Excision
Excision means that the government has released a portion of land back to the original community. If land is excised and approved, it becomes safe to buy—though a C of O still makes it better.
🧾 4. Governor’s Consent
If land has been transferred from one person to another, the new owner must get the Governor’s Consent. Without this, any resale is technically invalid.
🧾 5. Deed of Assignment / Sale
This is a legal document signed between the buyer and seller. It confirms that the seller has handed over ownership to you.
💡 Final Advice:
Always carry out a land search at the land registry before buying any land or property. It protects you from:
- Buying government land
- Buying from fraudsters
- Future court cases or demolition
🔍 Need help verifying documents?
Our legal team can assist you with land search, title checks, and safe property purchase.
